Ivan Turgenev, (October 28, 1818. – September, 3,1883) the author of the novel of Fathers and Sons, depicted the theme of change in different ways. The author used different characters to indicate the types of changes that can occur in the society. The characters such as Pavel, Nikolai father of Arkady represented the old nihilism while Arkady, Bazarov and Madame represented the new modern idealism. In conclusion, the main theme portrayed by Ivan Turgenev’s is change. The characters in the novel of Fathers and Sons showed clearly the gap between nihilism and old ideas. Through the novel, there are evidences of change from old nihilism to new modern idealism represented by Bazarov. There were some cultures in the community that were considered unethical in the society like if people could not honor the moral principles of the society.
In the novel of Fathers and Sons, the belief of nihilism influenced the behaviors of many characters. Most of the characters have shown a significant change in the behaviors and beliefs. The author used different characters to indicate the types of changes that can occur in the society. The characters such as Pavel, Nikolai father of Arkady represented the old nihilism while Arkady, Bazarov and Madame represented the new modern idealism.